6. Herreria. They can be used raw, sliced for seasoning salads, boiled with other vegetables, or fried with other vegetables and meat. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls of 3 each, gamophyllous, united at the base, white, inferior. Smilax glyciphylla. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The viruses are transmitted by aphids. Tulips first appeared in the decorative arts in Turkey in the thirteenth century and flourished under the Ottomans, in particular in the royal palaces, and was adopted by the Osmans as their symbol. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 7. Associated with decreased risk of cancer. He has included Allium, Agapanthus in the family Amaryllidaceae of his order Amaryllidales; Yucca, Dracaena, Sanseuiera, Phormium in the family Agavaceae of his order Agavales; Xanthorrhoea in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae of his order Agavales. 2. [81], Fritillaria extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine under the name chuan bei mu, and in Latin, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae. Affinities 5. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and the roots showed an anti-implantation activity of 70% and 77%, respectively, while the ethanol extracts of the leaves and roots showed 48% and 61%, respectively. It was shown that raw garlic extract significantly improves insulin sensitivity while attenuating MetS and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats for 8weeks (Padiya etal.,2011; Panickar,2013). Many plants that were formerly included in the Lily family are now included in the Bunchflower, Amaryllis, and Asparagus families, so be sure to read about them for comparison. JUNE: Lilies", "How A Turkish Blossom Enflamed the Dutch Landscape". Breaking symptoms have been described as bars, stripes, streaks, featherings, or flames of different colors on petals (Figure 58). Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Hosta (Liliaceae family) represents an interesting source of natural bio-constituents, and the 50 species of this Variable-solitary (Tulipa, Fritillaria), panicled raceme (Asphodelus), cymose umbel (Allium, Smilax), solitary axillary (Gloriosa). Draw a neatly labeled diagram of chloroplast found in leaf, and its role in photosynthesis? 2. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Solanaceae. Notable among the other families are the Alstroe-meriaceae (Figure 7.29AD), Alstroemeria being a commonly cultivated ornamental, having interesting resupinate leaves; Colchicaceae (Figure 7.29E), containing Colchicum autumnale, autumn-crocus, source of colchicine used medicinally (e.g., formerly to treat gout) and in plant breeding (inducing chromosome doubling); Melanthiaceae (Figure 7.29GI); Philesiaceae (Figure 7.29F); and Smilacaceae (Figure 7.29J), including Smilax, the green-briers, species of which are of economic importance as the source of sarsa-parilla. Partition walls are present, forming an equal number of chambers. The overy is positioned superior and consists of 3 united carpels, as indicated by the same number of stigmas. G. superba (Liliaceae) is a semiwoody herbaceous climber native to tropical Africa [167]. Retrieved 29 January 2014. Today there are a number of places in Turkey called Laleli (with tulips). By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. [76] These are also toxic to a variety of animals. Since interspecific cross-pollination occurs, overlapping wild populations can create natural hybrids. Fritillaria imperialis, Fritillaria meleagris) bulbs contain poisonous neurotoxic alkaloids such as imperialin (peiminine),[75][76][77] which may be deadly if ingested in quantity, while other species such as Fritillaria camschatcensis and Fritillaria affinis are edible. By 1845, John Lindley, the first English systematist, unhappily acknowledged the great diversity in the circumscription of the family, and that it had expanded vastly, with many subdivisions. Radical, cylindrical, long, exstipulate, sessile, fleshy, sheathing leaf-base, hollow, multicostate parallel venation. M. Close-up of basal perigonal gland (base of inner tepal). Artistic representations can be found as far back as frescos from the second century BC, at Amnisos and Knossos. F. Whole plant, with whorled leaves. Dracaena and Xanthorrhoea yield resin. They contain both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) characteristics and are symmetric radially, but sometimes as a mirror image. Again, some reversal to the broader reticulate-veined leaves occurred (e.g. Methods of propagation include both sexual and asexual reproduction. 6, in two words of three each, polyphyllous (Lilium, Tulipa) or gamophyllous (Aloe, Asparagus) and of various shapes; petaloid or sepaloid; imbricate in bud, usually valvate aestivation, perianth may be scarious or membranous. A few examples: garlic, asparagus, chives, shallots, onions, and leeks. The stamens are 3+3, whorled, diplostemonous, distinct and free. WebA suitable plant regeneration protocol has been developed from scale leaf and bulb scale explants of Scillahyacinthine, a medicinally important plant species belonging to the family liliaceae.The maximum number of shoots (13.2), with average length 6.5 cm, was achieved with medium containing 1.5 mg/l TDZ. [5] Those of the genus Lilium are particularly palatable, while species in Fritillaria are repellant. 1. [28] By the time of the next major British classification that of Bentham and Hooker in 1883 (published in Latin) several of Lindley's other families had already been absorbed into the Liliaceae. Amaryllidaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types, Comparison between Liliaceae and Musaceae, Asteraceae: Characters, Distribution and Types. A berry (Asparagus, Smilax), capsule (Asphodelus). It can be found wherever lilies are grown. The family Liliaceae was described by Michel Adanson in 1763 and formally named by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789. This breaking effect was of economic importance during the tulip mania of the seventeenth century, because it appeared to be producing new varieties. Tankeo etal. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Ethnomedicinal Plants used in Maharashtra for Treatment of HOPS Press, LLC | Dirt Cheap Builder Books Economic importance includes several taxa of value as ornamental cultivars, including lilies, Lilium, and tulips, Tulipa. The Liliaceae consist of perennial herbs. Rhizome with radical leaves, inflorescence a spike, e.g. Queen's Cup. From: Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2013, J.D.D. Cooking reduces the activity of isothiocyanates. Family Liliaceae Plants [50] Lilium species may be food plants for the Cosmia trapezina moth. The type genus, Lily (Lilium), has a long history in literature and art, and a tradition of symbolism as well as becoming a popular female name, and a floral emblem, particularly of France (fleur-de-lis). Asphodelus:. G. Trillium grandiflorum. Cardiocrinum). The Medeoleae (Clintonia and Medeola) may have appeared in North America but were subsequently dispersed, as may have the Streptopoideae and Calochortoideae. Stamens 6, polyandrous, in two whorls of 3 each, epiphyllous, filament narrow, dilated at the base, anthers dithecous, dorsifixed. Smilax, Aloe, Gloriosa, Veratrum, Colchicum, Scilla and Urginea yield useful drugs. F. Philesiaceae, Geitonoplesium sp. It does not store any personal data. Engler and Krause divided the family into 12 sub-families as follows: Rhizome or bulb covered with scale leaves and with terminal inflorescence, e.g. B. Lilium sp., with erect flower. Montana. Garlic Allium sativum the Liliaceae family, is among the oldest of all cultivated plants. Allyl sulfide compounds are absent. (2014) also showed that the methanol extract of the plant was selectively active against Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as E. coli AG102 and AG100ATet, E. aerogenes EA289 and EA294, K. pneumoniae K24, and E. cloacae BM67 with MIC values ranging from 512 to 1024g/mL. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Liliaceae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Other viruses, reported to naturally infect lilies are ArMV, TRSV, ToRSV, CMV, TRV, TSWV, TMV, and SLRSV. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or Wildflowers & Weeds | Jefferson River Canoe TrailRoadmap To Reality | What's New? Lily family (after Lilium, a name used in Virgil's writings). [29] Over time the family became increasingly broad and somewhat arbitrarily defined as all species of plants with six tepals and a superior ovary, eventually coming to encompass about 300genera and 4,500species within the order Liliales under the Cronquist system (1981). Rooting of shoots was achieved on half-strength About half of the commercial production is for cut flowers. [26][27][82] The bulbs of Fritillaria roylei have been used as antipyretics and expectorants. Fibrous adventitious, sometimes tuberous (Asparagus). [59][60], Original Tulipa species can be obtained for ornamental purposes, such as Tulipa tarda and Tulipa turkestanica. Bomarea sp. 3. Webmedicinal plants as a single dose or in combination with others. Other symbolic meanings include glory, love and birth. shastense, with pendant flower. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [71][72][73] Dogs may develop less serious effects such as gastrointestinal problems and central nervous system depression. and riceroot (Fritillaria spp. Figure 58. Bulb offsets usually require at least a year before flowering. Montana. Web World Portal | Web World Tunnel LVX is a potexvirus, which normally does not lead to pronounced symptoms in most cultivars, but enhances symptoms of LSV. In rats that were made diabetic by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ), a reduction in hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was observed with garlic, or with a mixture containing garlic, ginger, and turmeric (Madkor etal.,2011). 1. Share Your PDF File Web2016, Vol. V. Kuete, in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017. Asphodelus tenuifolius (H. Paiz) (Fig. Modern taxonomic systems, such as the APG which is based on phylogenetic principles using molecular biology, have redistributed many of these genera resulting in the relatively small family that is currently recognised. WebThe Lily Family, Liliaceae, consists of fifteen genera and about 705 known species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. Both Lilium and Tulipa are susceptible to a group of five viruses of the family Potyviridae, specifically the potyvirus (named for potato virus Y) group, which includes the tulip-breaking virus (TBV) and the lily streak virus (lily mottle virus, LMoV) resulting in 'breaking' of the color of the flowers. Liliaceae Medicinal Plants They are an essential ingredient in many African sauces and relishes (Messiaen and Rouamba,2004). They are generally used in outdoor gardens and other displays, although in common with many bulbous flowering plants they are often induced to bloom indoors, particularly during the winter months. It has also been associated with the head of a spear. Distribution of Liliaceae 3. Disporum smithii. Other leading producers include Japan, France and Poland. Intensive streaking of lily flower caused by co-infection of LMoV and LSV. Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae: Family Plants It is also close to Juncaceae as in both the seeds have albumen but differs from Juncaceae in petaloid perianth. GI. 16 genera/ ca. Further species were collected from Persia and the spreading Ottoman Empire saw to it that tulip culture also spread. Allium porrum commonly known as leek, is a vegetable belonging, along with onion and garlic, to the genus Allium. Allium:. it was during this period that the tulipiere, a ceramic vase for growing tulips indoors was devised, and the Golden Age of Dutch Painting was replete with images of tulips. Another modern variety is 'Princess Irene'. Perennial and arboreal habit in some genera (Aloe, Yucca). Although tulip festivals are held around the world in the spring, the most famous of these is the display at Keukenhof. Mottling or striping of the leaves also occurs. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. The family Liliaceae consists of fifteen genera and approximately 600 species in all. List of genera of family Liliaceae, arranged by Subfamilies and Tribes according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website and Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [1] Medeoleae Benth. (synonyms: Medeolaceae Takht., Medeoloideae Benth.) Tongue Reservoir. Commercial cultivars are usually sterile. Tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior or half inferior, trilocular or unilocular with two ovules, axile placentation, style simple; stigma trilobed or 3-parted. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family. L. Whole flower. Ashwagandha and Atropa belladonna are medicinal plants of Solanaceae which is a dicot family. Lyall's Mariposa or Sego Lily. Although many Lilium species such as Lilium martagon and Lilium candidum can be obtained commercially, the majority of commercially available lilies represent the products of a very diverse hybridisation program, which has resulted in a separate horticultural classification, including such groupings as Asian, Oriental and Orienpet. In addition to blooming season, tulip varieties differ in shape and height, and exhibit a wide range of colours, both pure and in combination. Medeola virginiana, Indian cucumber-root. Mostly herbs (Asphodelus), perennating by rhizome (Aloe), bulb (Lilium, Tulipa, Allium), tree (Dracena), climber (Asparagus, Smilax), xerophytic plants like Yucca, Aloe; cladodes in Asparagus and Ruscus. LILIALES. Family of flowering plants in order Liliales, including lilies, Examples of the four subdivisions of Liliaceae, Flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, Meister des Frankfurter Paradiesgrtleins, "Ecological Impacts of High Deer Densities", "Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from, "1.4.4 The undifferentiated perianth (perigon)", "3. [48][49] An important horticultural and garden pest is the scarlet lily beetle (Japanese red lily beetle, Lilioceris lilii) and other Lilioceris species which attack Fritillaria and Lilium. In Smilax stipulate and stipules are modified into tendrils. Calochortus lyallii. Important Types. Botany, Plant Taxonomy, Angiosperms, Monocotyledons, Families, Liliaceae. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Fig: Family Liliaceae Habit The plants in the Liliaceae family are perennial herbs. Streaks of darker color may occur on tepals of red flowering varieties, whereas those streaks appear translucent in yellow or white flowers. By Martin Bucher. The leaves are generally simple and elongated with veins parallel to the edges, arranged singly and alternating on the stem, but may form a rosette at the base of the stem. Floral Formula Of Liliaceae medicinal plants of liliaceae family [23] Classifications published since the use of molecular methods in phylogenetics have taken a narrower view of the Liliaceae (Liliaceae s.s.). The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the Bible, such as the description in Solomon's Song of Songs (2, 12) "I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, In the Liliaceae only one cyclotryptamine is known. [58] Tulip production has two main markets: cut flowers and bulbs. WebThe Liliaceae family includes plants with leaves that are usually vertical and very long, as well as flowers with six colorful petals. The family has close affinity with Amaryllidaceae from which it can be distinguished by the presence of superior ovary, and absence of corona. A. sativum (Liliaceae), known as garlic is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. Of these, 53% are used for the cut flower market and the remainder for the dry bulb market. abstract. FIGURE 7.30. Tulips (Tulipa) also have a long cultural tradition, particularly in the Islamic world. Ashwagandha and Atropa belladonna are medicinal plants of Solanaceae which is a dicot family. Liliaceae", "The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval", "Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae", "Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae", "Camas (Camassia spp.) The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. The name "Liliaceae" (English: /lliesi, -sia, -sie, -sii/) comes to international scientific vocabulary from New Latin, from Lilium, the type genus, + -aceae,[47] a standardized suffix for plant family names in modern taxonomy. G. Close-up of flower. It is commonly called Lily family. [62] Because of the history of Liliaceae, many species such as Watsonia (bugle lily) that were previously classified in this family bear the name 'lily' but are neither part of the genus Lilium, or the family Liliaceae. One of these varieties is known as 'Rembrandt', after the Dutch artist of that name. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F.; Donoghue, Michael J. In addition to its beneficial effects against MetS, this spice has a great medicinal value (see details in Chapter15). (2006) for phy-logenetic analyses of the order. Research is now being done to examine these glycosides more carefully. In Africa, garlic is used as an antibiotic, and it has a reputation for lowering bloodpressure and cholesterol, and inhibiting thrombus formation (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Privacy Policy3. Climber with tips of leaves turned into tendrils. H. Scoliopus bigelovii, with fungus gnat visitors. Liliaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types - Biology Discussion WebThe Lily Family, Liliaceae, consists of fifteen genera and about 705 known species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. Only the Liliaceae are described here. Of the fifteen genera within the Liliaceae, the ten genera of the Lilioideae subfamily form one morphological group that is characterised by contractile bulbs and roots, and a Fritillaria-type embryo-sac (megagametophyte with four megaspores). The main producer of tulip bulbs is the Netherlands, a country that accounts for 87% of the global cultivated area, with approximately 12,000 hectares. Bulb or short rhizome, cymose umbel, e.g. EA202090998A1 - Consequently, there are many different accounts of the Liliaceae in the literature and older uses of the term occur commonly. Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. A major pest of Tulips is the fungus, Botrytis tulipae. A. sativum has been and continues to be subject of particular research interests for scientists of various fields with more than 5000 scientific publications recorded in Pubmed, related to the keyword A. sativum (Fig. AD. TRV (genus Tobravirus) is another common virus of tulips with an exceptionally wide host range of cultivated and wild plants. [26][27] Tulips can cause skin irritation due to the presence of tuliposides and tulipalins,[78][79][80] which are also found in the flowers, leaves and stems of Fritillaria. The common cultivated garden plants are Tulipa, Lilium, Gloriosa, Aloe, Ruscus, Dracaena, Asparagus, Yucca, Hemerocallis etc. Thiacremonone, given to db/db mice, significantly reduced body weight and decreased blood triglyceride and glucose levels when compared with controls (Ban etal.,2012). WebAtropa belladona, an important medicinal plant is of the family Solanaceae. Stunting and distortion of the shoot and leaves are the most severe symptoms but streaking or angular or elliptical spots are more typical symptoms. Liliaceae are subject to a wide variety of diseases and pests, including insects, such as thrips, aphids, beetles and flies. Tulips exhibiting flower breaking induced by TBV. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The seeds are flat and discoid or ellipsoid, the endosperm with aleurone and fatty oils, but no starch. Radical, simple, cylindrical, green, pointed, smooth, apex acute, exstiuplate, sessile, sheathing leaf-base, parallel venation. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Allium sativum (Liliaceae), known as garlic, is a strongly aromatic bulb crop believed to originate from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Western China (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Which types of bacteria are used in Bt-cotton? Primitive Living Skills | Outdoor Wilderness Living School, LLC Introduction The genus Veratrum consists of about 45 species in the northern regions on the earth, including 14 species in China, which plays an important role in Liliaceae family [1, 2]. The fruit is generally a wind dispersed capsule, but occasionally a berry (Medeoleae) which is dispersed by animals. See Hayashi and Kawano (2000), Patterson and Givnish (2002), and Tamura (1998a,b). Tulips became widely used in decorative motifs on tiles, fabrics, and ceramics in Islamic art and the Ottoman Empire in particular,[58] and were revered in poetry, such as that of Omar Khayam in the twelfth century. Seed collecting and identification - 35. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It was also reported that in Islam, it is generally recommended not to eat raw garlic prior to going to the mosque, since the odor could distract other Muslims during their prayer. Calochortus weedii. They are also an economically important product. Please e-mail Thomas J. Elpel to report mistakes or to inquire about purchasing high resolution photos of these plants. The Liliaceae are ecologically diverse. [4][5], The diversity of characteristics complicates any description of the Liliaceae morphology, and confused taxonomic classification for centuries. Ashphodelus, Aloe. The Liliaceae in the past has been treated as a large assemblage (Liliaceae sensu lato), which has more recently been broken up into numerous segregate families. The virus can also infect tulips. The largest genera are Gagea (200), Fritillaria (130), Lilium (110), and Tulipa (75 species), all within the tribe Lilieae. Aloe vera, Colchicum, etc. [8] The flowers may be arranged (inflorescence) along the stem, developing from the base, or as a single flower at the tip of the stem, or as a cluster of flowers. Grouping Vegetables According to Plant Families A. Lilium pardalinum ssp. 0 0 Similar questions is a Liliaceae plant which is used to make pesticides. Flowers are zygomorphic in some genera (Lilium, Hemerocallis). Glacier National Park. In modern times it appears in many forms, symbolic and decorative, and can be used on compasses to indicate the direction north, as well as the Scouting movement. It was concluded that the leaves and roots of this plant possess hormonal properties that can modulate the reproductive function of the experimental rats with respect to anti-implantation and antifertility [27]. The Liliaceae are widely distributed, but mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The leaves are basal or cauline, spiral or (in Lilium and Fritillaria spp.) Perigonal nectaries are present, at the tepal bases. Excessive consumption of these foods is inadvisable, particularly in their raw state (many patients are now juicing). Liliaceae: Lily Family. Identify plants and flowers. Reduction in the number of stamens to 3 (Ruscus). Common (2007). Particularly enigmatic were Clintonia, Medeola, Scoliopus, and Tricyrtis. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Allicin was found to possess insulin potentiating effects (Mathew and Augusti,1973). Figure 15.1. H. Trillium erectum. One particularly important crop is the production of Lilium longiflorum, whose white flowers are associated with purity and Easter.[59]. The latter are used, in turn, to meet the demand for bulbs for parks, gardens, and home use and, secondly, to provide the necessary bulbs for cut flower production. WebLiliaceae comprises 50 genera and approximately 600 species of flowering plants with many of them been used as spices and vegetables. A thorny climbing under-shrub with cladodes and fasiculated roots. Rat poison is obtained from Urginea and the bulbs of Scilla. plantlets for propagation and bulb formation", "Multiplication of Tulip Bulb by Tissue Culture in vitro", "Mode of action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants", "Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art. Most showy monocot flowers with parts in threes belong to the Lily family or one of its allies. Calochortus apiculatus. A vector transmission by soil-inhabiting nematodes of the genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus may spread the virus in the field. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite genetic similarity. Dracaena, Aloe. Prolonged gestation may occur and is considered due to absence of a fetal pituitary gland (Burrows and Tyrl, 2001). J. Calochortus splendens. These vary from the large Fritillaria imperialis (crown imperial) available in a number of colours such as yellow or orange, to much smaller species such as Fritillaria meleagris or Fritillaria uva-vulpis with their chequered patterns. By the sixteenth century it was a national symbol, hence the designation "Tulip era", by which time they were becoming of economic importance.[58]. Steroidal alkaloids from the roots of Veratrum stenophyllum They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Approximately ten countries produce lilies commercially altogether. Calochortus nuttallii. [86] Its three parts have been associated with the three classes of mediaeval society,[87] or alternatively faith, wisdom and chivalry. [53][54][55] One of the tulip breaking viruses is also named the Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus (ReTBV).[56][57]. A well-known example is Leonardo da Vinci's Annunciation (14721475) in which the archangel Gabriel bears a Madonna lily. Characteristics often vary by habitat, between shade-dwelling genera (such as Prosartes, Tricyrtis, Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes, and Scoliopus) and sun loving genera. The family evolved approximately 68 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene epochs. The structure was established by an X-ray crystallographic investigation. The taxonomy of the Liliaceae has a very complex history. Classed as goitrogens, which are naturally occurring substances that can interfere with the function of the thyroid. Many Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers and involved in a major floriculture of cut flowers and dry bulbs. The genus name comes from the Classical Latin word lilium, "lily", which in turn came from the Greek lerion (). Many species of Lilieae (in genera Tulipa, Fritillaria, Lilium, and Erythronium) and Calochortoideae (Calochortus and Tricyrtis) are grown as ornamental plants worldwide. Which among the following is a medicinal plant belonging to a The development of a phylogenetic approach to taxonomy suggested the Liliales formed some of the earliest monocots. Lilium lancifolium. [Research progress of Ypsilandra thibetica, a medicinal