What are the advantages of semi intensive system? Res. 24: 387391. Nigeria has population of 34.5million goats, 22.1million sheep and 13.9million cattle. This system saves labour, increases production, maintains records, and reduces mortality It however requires high capital expenditure in terms of housing, medication and feeding.Housing Goat houses are intended to offer protection against bad weather, predators and to provide an ideal environment for the development of the animals. This helps avoid deuteriation of the land and infestation with droppings. 1974. goats apparently are similar to sheep (Malechek & Provenza, 1983; Huston, 1978). or suckling regime (continuous or restricted) but commercial milk yield was
only feed efficiency was reduced by urea (Economides, 1981). performance (Malechek & Provenza, 1983; Squires, 1984). In this system no extra supplementation is practiced, only the goats survive on grazing. Gihad, E.A., El-Badawy, T.M. Common pests and diseases of ruminants in Nigeria: management of ruminants in the Nigerias agricultural system is equally characterised by poor health management. This leads to economies of scale and directly contributes towards meeting the ever-growing demand for food supplies. And given the role of the livestock in sustenance sustenance of rural livelihoods and employment generation, farm traction and transportation, it becomes essential for serious attention to be given the livestock sector for productive and sustainable development in the country. The Kalahari goat breed, which is of South Africa origin is gradually being adapted to the Nigerias ecological zones on experimental efforts. Anim. The level of feeding
This situation thus accounted for the widespread of sheep and goats among individuals in Nigeria either for consumption, though mostly on events celebration, or rearing for widespread sheep and goats as important animals of trade within humid West Africa though with different demand and consumption patterns in the region. 143150. I.E.Coop). 59, Agr. Hadjipanayiotou, M., Louca, A. feed intake data suggested that the rumen of lambs
have been developed which are useful in evaluating the results of
The fodder bank alternative however mainly benefits selected animals as not all animals are allowed to graze the bank. International, Tours, France. . Morag, M., Raz, A. In the light of this, it becomes important to have baseline data about traditional ethno-veterinary practices for ethno-veterinary medical information generation. The goats are left to graze and also are provided for feed and water. milking until weaning is used (Economides,
dictated by rainfall and availibility
early lactation (Peart, 1967);similarly pre-partum energy
For each kg of goat milk or sheep milk 4570 g or 6090 g digestible crude protein
Science and Hill Farming HFRO
Semi-intensive rearing system. Systems of Rearing Cattle, There three systems of rearing cattle.
small ruminant production in the developing countries Intensive (grazing on improved pastures, zero grazing,
The Blanca Serrana goat is selected for meat production and usually raised in an extensive farm system. Pregnancy nutrition in sheep
IN: Proc. intake immediately after parturition is low but it increases steadily
We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. 80100%. parents, whereas in the United States lambs are slaughtered at
Publishing Co. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York. Studies on the foraging behaviour and the dietary habits of sheep and goats (type and parts of plants they eat, their tolerance
Bull. (ii) It must be well ventilated and kept dry. but also under extensive systems (Fig. Among all the livestock that makes up the farm animals in Nigeria, ruminants, comprising sheep, goats and cattle, constitute the farm animals largely reared by farm families in the countrys agricultural system. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 32:
Economides, S. 1984. Other alternative to mitigate the effect of dry season feeding was the establishment of fodder bank whereby legumes are established and properly managed in a concentrated unit [41]. quantities needed to maintain good body
Mexico (Martinez-Parra et al., 1981) and
PDF Biochemical profile of Osmanabadi goats under different management Hand or machine milking after
of grazing. Wastes 4:
Before now, when agriculture constitutes the main Nigerian economies, sheep and goats were kept for status, and are largely used for measuring the state of one riches. You can find information on Our Ministers, Key Officials, Our Vision,Mission and Functions and more details about our department here. Sci.,51:461473. Conf. They have to be supplemented when fed
A run is a piece of land enclosed by a fence of wire netting or other chicken-proof barriers. [20,21] The Sokoto Red produces a daily milk yield of about 0.5 to 1.5kg and 100days of lactation; Sahel goats produce between 0.8 and 1.0kg of milk daily with lactation period of 120days; and the WAD breeds produce about 0.4kg milk per day on a lactation period of 126 days. Stocking rate
Coop.). (ii) A goat feeds mainly on roughages, i.e grasses, brouse plants and fodeder plants(iii) Common grasses that can be fed on by goat include giant star grass, carpet grass, etc and some fodder crops like groundnut, cowpea and styllosanthes spp. With Damascus goats machine milking reduced milk yield by 710% while the fat content of milk was not affected. housing(iv) Ensures fair distribution of manure (waste) which is used for fertilizer(v) It is difficult to implement a planned breeding programme(vi) There is little effort to control pests(vii) Animals fall victim to thieves and predators(viii) It is difficult to control disease outbreak(ix) Lots of efforts needed in controlling the animals(x) Productivity of animal is low i.e. In the genotypes in the semi-intensive system, there was a 68% and 5% higher lactation milk yield and total solids, respectively, compared with that obtained in the extensive system. Although, the small ruminants, especially goat, are as well slaughtered for meat sale, the small size of the animals and high market price of their meats makes the animals less demanded for regular meat consumption. Anim. & Doney, J.M.
PDF Extensive Sheep and Goat Production: The Role of Novel Technologies It is
Goats have been considered more efficient in the digestion of crude
Tuscon Arizona, U.S.A. Peart, J.N.1967. Profitable goat production is explained by an increased ratio of outputs (meat, milk, flees and skin) per production inputs (labour, feed and management costs). (Louca et al., 1982). grazed roughage which varies in quantity and quality is a problem. Inst., Nicosia, Cyprus. Semi-intensive System: The semi-intensive system is mid-way between intensive and extensive system. management decisions and improving sheep and goat
(Economides & Louca, 1981). generally low, mainly because of underfeeding, poor management and disease (Devendra, 1979, 1980). It involves extensive rearing but usually with controlled grazing with fenced pasture land. high (20.1 MJME/day) levels of energy, but a low level of energy (11.3MJME/
Relationship between Vaccine Application and Climate Factors in Sheep Jayasuriya, M.C.N.& Perera, H.G.D.1982. of protein tend to decline at higher liveweight and/or age
response, however, to improved
16051630. Generally lambs are
Nutrient Requirements
Determination of factors affecting milk yield, composition and udder Apart from inadequate veterinary services in the country, current veterinary therapy in Nigeria is suffering from both scarcity and the high cost of drugs thereby making it impossible to save the livestock industry as it were in the country. Home > Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What are the advantages and disadvantages of semi intensive management system? The ideal land for fold units is that with light well-drained soils. Kempton, T.J.& Leng, R.A. 1980. The
The quantity and quality of roughage available will determine the
Semi-intensive goat farming for beneficiaries at Rupees 1 Lakh per unit with the assistance of RKVY in 50:50 funding pattern (total 303 beneficiaries) will encourage the farmers in rearing goat which will ultimately increase the production of goat in the state. These actions respectively lowered the regions humidity and heightened its heat intensity, thereby making the environment less conducive for the tsetse flies survival or lifecycle completion. Unlike the small ruminants that could be left to freely range about all alone, cattle are never left all alone to freely graze about or scavenge, but are conscientiously guided by the rearers in the search for pasture and water; and thereafter, are securely checked into the provided shelter. affected total milk yield of sheep and particularly of the low yielding breed (i.e. Semi-intensive System of goat rearing : In this system, goats are provided with house which protects them against adverse weather conditions like heat, cold, rain, etc. Considerable research work has been carried out with sheep, mainly mutton breeds,
of sheep and goats is advanced by good feeding (Owen, 1976) and the energy
The system needs little initial capital outlay but large labour requirement. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 1983. in early lactation (Economides & Louca, 1981) when
relation to animal numbers in each country is necessary. Sci., 5: 203213.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of semi intensive farming J. Agric. If the floor of the house is littered, it should be renewed when . The
Semi-intensive goat production is a compromise between widespread and intense goat farming that is used in some flocks with restricted pasture. & Sauvant, 1974; Economides, 1981) with
conditions of Scotland lambing percentage has been increased from 60 65% to
roughage production and supplementary feeding,
Agric. IN : Nutrition and Systems of goat feeding, Symposium
semi-arid and arid regions the production of roughage is seasonal and
In general, farm animals are poorly managed in Nigerias agricultural system owing to the fact that the animals are mostly managed on free range/extensive system and semi-intensive system. in houses. 1975. Andrews, R.P.& Orskov, E.R.1970. Sci. Goat management practices include grazing, feeding, reproduction, health care, etc. Klopfenstein, T. 1978. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. ability) can provide assistance to range managers for making the right
than lambs. Prod. (viii) Each housing unit used in goat rearing should be provided with a hay-rack or manger for feeding hay or silage. 1984; Wld. The use of concentrates is justified only if local meat and milk prices are high. However, the small ruminants still found value in sacrificial offerings among the traditional worshippers in southwest Nigeria. Shah, IQbah, S. & Muller,
The
lasalocid sodium (37 mg/kg feed) provided adequate protection from coccidiosis
The common herd size for Damascus goats is 200-300 goats. Veterinary Parasitology. and improved the rate of growth and feed
Semi-Intensive Goat Farming. D. 1978. Prod. Fold units themselves are very expensive to purchase. The study generated data on average age at first kidding (266.5518.38 days), gestation period (148-153 days), kidding interval (195.095.65 days . Hadjipanayiotou, M. 1982. In addition, a herders stock of animals constitutes his financial base thereby disposing the animals for income generation whenever it is necessary [24]. It may be of a simple design but completely roofed to give protection from adverse weather so that the whole unit serves as run by day and shelter by night. [12] The exclusive pastoralists do not grow crops but simply depend on sales of their ruminants and dairy products to meet their food needs. Sci. The requirements for digestible crude
According to Dipeolu (2010), livestock farmers may experience total loss of stock in death, or partial losses (through morbidity) in which the productivity of the animals becomes greatly reduced. increasing
IN: Sheep and Goat production. The growth data and
Semi-intensive system of goat production is an intermediate compromise between extensive and intensive system followed in some flocks having limited grazing. (Malechek & Provenza, 1983; Squires,
Pro d.,