Identify four other types of stylistics apart from linguistic and literary stylistics; Identify the features focused on at the phono-graphological level; . Examples Sutardjis Tragedi Winka dan Sihka and J.E. 5.1 Summary Graphological form, such as spelling, Stylistic Analysis: Graphological level Grammatical level Syntactic level Lexical level Phonological level Semantic level Graphological Level It refers to the whole writing system: punctuation and paragraphing as well as spacing ( Leech 1969,p.69). Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Levenston in his proposal above aligns his thoughts with Firths (1957) model of linguistic description, stressing the significance of graphology like that of other linguistic levels such as phonology, semantics, grammar or lexis for the study of literary texts. K:\!f&gsq\M| The phonological Discourse And Stylistics: Methods Of Analysis - Eduprojecttopics Stylistics, in short, is an attempt to put criticism on a scientific basis. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. before. What does graphological deviation mean in stylistics analysis? Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) Table 2. what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve What is Style and Stylistics? 2.3 Theoretical Framework lecture 3 THE NATURE AND GOALS OF STYLISTICS.pptx - THE However, this research focuses on written forms. Also, stylistic tools like phonological, grammatical, lexical, and graphological features were employed to aid the flow of the message and the organizational structures of the poem. Although both scholars cover the concept of graphology to a considerable extent, Lennard is devoted to composition and punctuation. It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. 2.1.4.3 Literary Linguistic Stylistics In other words, it synergizes or sits athwart the boundary between linguistics and literature; ensuring their interdependence. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? 2.1.2 Stylistics and its central concerns 2 0 obj Grammatical level includes grammar, parts of The context level can also be referred to as the pragmatic level of stylistic analysis. Graphological devices include punctuation (comma, full stop, colon, semi-colon, and quotation marks, etc. (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. Ogunsiji & Farinde (2013) observe this level as that of word choice. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. He has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. 5. Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. (Harris, 1995) Graphologists note such elements as the size of individual letters and the degree and regularity of slanting, ornamentation, angularity, and curvature. More remarkably, none of these collections has been studied stylistically. This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). It is assists in cultivating a sense of appropriate language use, Sharpens our understanding and appreciation of literary works, Helps us achieve adaptation during translation, Helps one in giving a fair judgment in a piece of work, Any bit of speech or writing that you can single out from a particular piece of writing, Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size), Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality, In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words, In phonological you consider repetition of sounds, intonation, stress, rhythm and rhyme. Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is -Colloquial references So, stylistics is a bridge science, creating a bond between linguistics and literature (Akwanya 2006:163). Van Peer (1993), for instance, considered typographic foregrounding and its evolution as a The graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. <> It has to do with the entire words and phrases of a particular language. A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. As far as a literary text is concerned, two evidences, internal and external evidence, can help us to come to an appropriate interpretation of a text. helps us to find out subtleties of time, place In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. prominent syllable) 2.1.9 Present study categorization of graphological devices Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. According to what is mentioned above, it can be concluded that both subjective and objective evidences are used by the stylistician. The inseparable nature of language and literature makes it is impossible for one to specialize in literature without being competent in the language in which the literature is written. The central question in stylistics is how a text means and language undoubtedly remains the central medium through which a writers style is revealed. -nature of vocabulary (use of simple or difficult words, vocabulary is archaic or modern, words used are concrete or abstract), -lexical relations that exists between words (use of synonyms, antonyms, use of unique words, use of borrowed words e.g Kikuyu word in an English text), They include factors that arise from a person. Is there such a thing as "right to be heard" by the authorities? This traditional understanding of style has other weaknesses of being prescriptive and not descriptive in its nature and scope. Advertisement The focus is on the pragmatic and stylistic dimensions of speech. Deviation as a concept has received a special interest from stylisticians. ideas and achieve his effects. What then is the difference? For instance, both concepts are interested in such features as are beyond the sentence boundary. However, Lennards (2005) proposal differs from that Levenstons (1992) in its aim and scope. Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). Stylistics -- Levels of Analysis -- Graphological - YouTube GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. Graphological Features The physical appearance of a literary text. 5.1 Research Questions Recently submitted schools to Kenyayote Schools, University and College Rankings in Kenya 2023, Driving School Notes and test preparation, Style is the manner of expression in speaking and writing, Style is a set of linguistic features characterized by the language aspect of a person, Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule, Style can also refer to literally language for instance satire, irony and sarcasm, Beware of the structure that a language has, Be aware of the kind of social variation that language features have, Must have techniques that can used to put down stylistic features in a systematic manner. Medium-medium of communication affects the way language is used. The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. References 1). writing: contracted forms, commas, @DanBron But that cannot be possible - you cannot know the war discourse is explored in the octave, for example, without the foresight that the longest line is the one used for the war discourse. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). It is as new as stylistics itself. Email: special offers and other discount information. This level is seen as the study of language patterns in print. The origin of the concept of style can be traced back to the classical school of rhetoric, which regards style as a part of the techniques of persuasion and discusses it under oratory. Introduction . analyses: graphological, lexical and syntactic with the semantic implication of each level highlighted. There is a gap between the octave and sestet of the sonnet. Any such study that leans heavily on external correlates with none or just a smattering of attention to the rules guiding the operation of the language can be regarded as literary stylistics. stream A Linguistic-Stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Reportage . Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule. All these problems put together, inform the researchers desire for this study with the title: The Device of Graphology in Joe Ushies Poetry: Stylistic and Pedagogical Implications. example as a way of learning more In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. The complex developments within literary criticism over the last 20 years have affected the interplay between literature, language and language education in the language classroom. Stylistics, Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism have certain things in common. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. English: Form Six - Stylistics - Msomi Bora The inuence of these factors has been analyzed in detail by psycholinguists (Semino and Culpeper 2002; Enkvist 1985). Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. Stress, intonation, contractors and Stylistics in this research aims to show the language features used in the poem Mending Wall and find out how those features used to reveal the The primary focus here is foregrounding. phonological devices are alliteration, (5) Poetry: Poetry is a genre of literature which arises as a reaction to mans interaction with nature and the attempt to express such experience in beautiful lexical items. Foregrounding is a deliberate act of making a feature prominent or important. sentence, sub sentence, Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. In view of these controversies surrounding the concept of graphology, this section of the study provides an in-depth insight into the linguistic nature of this term as well as explaining how the concept has evolved from once being simply analogous to phonology, to later becoming a complete and independent principle comprising many different elements. An introduction to graphology: definition, theoretical background and Certain characteristic use of words may help us to identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on. OR is this foresight part of the graphological deviation, or am I missing a crucial element here? Indeed, it may be daunting to try to attempt a stylistic analysis using all the checklists or aspects available in the literatures. One may also ask, what is graphological translation? He further opines that the critic should be able to draw a distinction between the two types of context: linguistic and non-linguistic context. PDF A Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House These are regular features of his poem. Identify some features that can be focused on in a linguistic stylistic analysis. A purely linguistic approach will only serve as good academic experience without benefiting experience, whereas, a purely literary work will lose sight of relevant forms of language which conceal within their patterns of experience, Ogunsiji and Farinde (2010). The pragmatic meaning of a text can be recovered through the context that produces the text. For Latest Campus Updates, Education News in Kenya, Last updated on: June 18, 2020 by Elvis Nyakangi 1 Comment, Theoretical Background of language: English stylistics. Secondly, it will boost their practical knowledge, whereby students are able to analyze texts with the tool they have acquired at the first stage. study of, meanings in a As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. Style refers to the language conventions used to construct the authors identity and intentions. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Assonance Style is chiefly linguistic, though in some cases graphological features, the layout or arrangement of text, and even the physical characteristics of a text may contribute to a style. Pedagogical stylistics is intrinsically linked with the teaching of the linguistic features of written texts as a means of enhancing students understanding of literature and language. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. The Costume Institute describes the spring 2023 exhibition as an exploration of "the work of Karl Lagerfeld. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? Anaphora: when we refer back to the situation, things, 5. 2.4 Review of Related Literature. Importance of stylistics devices-sharpen our understanding and appreciation of literary works -helps in translation-help in giving judgment. 2.1.11 Orthography (spellings) Nature of participation-different language is used in a monologue and dialogue, What does the text tell us about the person using it? There are different linguistic levels of analyzing a literary or non-literary text. In a more generalized perspective, Enkvist (1973:11) regards it as discipline concerned with the theory and analysis of style(qtd. Examples: whole 2.1.6.2 Syntactic/Grammatical Level stops, question marks etc. Status- corresponds with the social standing of an individual. 4.1 Presentation of Data Deviation, used in functional and condensed way, enhances and supports the possible meaning of the text, in other words, providing the readers with the possibility of aesthetic knowledge and the authors defined style of writing. This level is concerned with how sound devices function in achieving stylistic significance in texts. 2 8 Love Your email address will not be published. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). 3. A Contrastive Analysis of Urdu and English deixis. Two MacBook Pro with same model number (A1286) but different year. Style also varies from one period to another. (Eva, 2015) observes that the very first problem when dealing with graphology is its unclear meaning. Stylistics then, is the outcome of the application of objective and analytical method of inquiry in the field of literary criticism. how the writer uses the graphic resource Their researches are a positive response and reaction to one of the controversial questions in relation to this level of linguistic analysis: what are the different levels and sub-levels to be included under the term graphology. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? The following are the levels of text stylistics according to these levels. However, such a deliberate use of sounds will also have meaning since one does not use language in a vacuum. writer's style, for example capitalization, According to the definition provided above by Isidore (2010), the literary stylistics can take the form of external evidence and the linguistics study can take the form of internal evidence. 4.3.3 Popular Stand and Other Poems (1992) McIntosh in his paper entitled Graphology and Meaning opined thus: I have used the word graphology in a sense which is intended to answer, in the realm of written language, to that of phonology in the realm of spoken language (McIntosh, 1961 cited in Eva, 2015). 2.3.5 Syntactic Level . Graphology: Definition, Explanation, Purpose & Examples English Graphology Graphology Graphology 5 Paragraph Essay A Hook for an Essay APA Body Paragraph Context Essay Outline Evidence Harvard Hedging Language Used in Academic Writing MHRA Referencing MLA Opinion Opinion vs Fact Plagiarism Quotations Restate Summarize Summary Works Cited 2.1.3 Pedagogical Stylistics Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. Detailed explanations of these levels are given below. A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. It describes figure 1.2, or table 1.1 . 5.2 Conclusions stylistics as a branch of linguistics therefore analyzes how speakers/writers created text as well as how effect is made or achieved. 3) considers, 'the . Through grammatical levels of stylistics that concerns textual presentation. graphological level, lexico-syntactic level, morphological level, phonological level, stylistics . Analysis in stylistics therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. Read more about our Privacy and Cookie Policy. The other levels of linguistic stylistic analysis not considered are: the syntactic level, morphological level, lexico-semantic level and the phonological level. Research in second and foreign language studies and in pedagogical stylistics has increased immensely. 6. word/s a study that relies heavily on the rules guiding the operation of the language in the explication of a literary text) is what we regard here as linguistic stylistics (2010:36). study of invisible There are various morphological processes. Professor Niyi Osundare has it that one finger can never retrieve a fallen needle; one broomstick can never sweep the marketplace; one muscle can never make a fist; one tree can never make a forest. Tatengkeng's 'Kuncup' are good example for this. Jane no longer writes fiction. Hence, a socio-stylistic study of Gabriel Bamgbose's Something Happened After the Rain is undertaken in order to reveal how the poet. (Regional dialect), Which social class does the person belong to? Therefore, to interpret a text stylistically both external and internal evidence are needed. xcolor: How to get the complementary color. Graphology is a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity, an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. repetition, consonance, assonance etc. 2.1.5 Between Stylistic Analysis and Literary Criticism: A Conceptual Separation Doing Stylistics: An Analysis of '(listen)' by E. E. Cummings 1. to answer by embarking on stylistic analysis of the graphetic and graphological, the lexical, syntactic and semantic features of selected 2011 campaign posters in Yola Metropolis of Adamawa state. endobj Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. The identified problems put together, informed the desire for this research. It discusses how we recognize The present study presents a modification arising from the previously proposed models in the study of graphological elements, the example of Lennards (2005) and Levenstons (1992). Deviation may occur at any level of language description. capitalization and punctuation.  L ro#G*o"rY:wDs54!NUt4;>h Also called handwriting analysis. Again, although there are arising researches in the area of stylistics, none of these has dwelt on a linguistic stylistic study of Joe Ushies poetry. Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size) Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality Phonological/Graphological level Language In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention.