If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. 0000018471 00000 n Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. The concept is used to explain how a countrys population growth and economic development are linked. When mortality rates drop, the young live longer and the aging population lives longer. Stage 1 is low growth, Stage 2 is high growth, Stage 3 is moderate growth, Stage 4 is low growth/stationary, and Stage 5 is a negative growth. The replacement level of a population refers to the number of births that are necessary to offset deaths. Demographic momentum is the tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. Demographic momentum ap human geography. ap human geography unit 2 This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The United States is a unique case for demographic transition as it did not develop entirely organically, as it did in Western Europe. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Dependency Ratio. With respect to high-fertility countries (for example in the developing world), a positive population momentum, meaning that the population is increasing, states that these countries will continue to grow despite large and rapid declines in fertility. This example of uneven distribution would be a topic of demography, which is the study of the size, density, and distribution of the human population. However, in the 19th century, studies showed that there was a decline in the number of births, and researchers began to study fertility as well as mortality. A population pyramid is a way to visualize two variables: age and sex. The sheer number of women having children continued to drive up population growth. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. 3 IMP 2.6 Malthusian Theory. That is to say that they will require resources. Assume that a population has three generations: First (oldest), Second (child bearing), and Third (children). AREA: TOPICAL GEOGRAPHY. The first stage of the demographic transition is the pre-industrial stage. All rights reserved. Historical geography studies a wide variety of issues and topics. Population momentum is defined as the ratio of the size of the population at that new equilibrium level to the size of the initial population. 0000021927 00000 n The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. In population: Population momentum. For the most part, people realize that they no longer have to produce large numbers of offspring because the offspring they do produce have a higher chance of surviving to adulthood. Mason, A., Lee, S. and Russo, G. (2000). AP Human Geography topics, including the nature and perspective of Human Geography, reviews of population studies, cultural patterns and processes, the political organization of space, agricultural and rural land use, industrial and economic development, and city and urban land use. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Population momentum occurs because it is not only the number of children per woman that determine population growth, but also the number of women in reproductive age. 2.4 POPULATION IS DYNAMIC by University System of Georgia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. PopEd is a program of Population Connection. Demographers also gather data indirectly through surveying smaller groups within a population. Has 5 steps. 2.4 POPULATION IS DYNAMIC - Introduction to Human Geography trailer The death rates are high because there is increased disease, minimal medical care, poor sanitation, and limited food supplies. These population pyramids represent a stable population that will not change significantly barring any sudden changes to fertility or mortality rates.Population pyramids are useful for studying the future of a region as well as examining historical and current population trends. The death rates increased due to disease, minimal medical care, poor sanitation, and limited food supplies with a slight variation to provide optimal nutrition. During this stage, the human population begins to increase due to high birth rates and declining death rates. This is often referred to in terms of average fertility of women. Population Momentum Explained - Population Education 1 The earliest statistical studies were concerned mostly with mortality(how many people died and at what age). By continuing to use the site you consent to our use of cookies and the practices described in our, Pre-Service Workshops for University Classes. You cannot download interactives. Learn about the demographic transition model and the four stages of demographic transition. 0000107645 00000 n o License | CC BY-SA 4.0 The concept of demographic transition is a good predictor of how a county will change both in population size and socially as it transitions from non-industrial to industrial. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. With respect to lowest-low fertility countries (for example in Europe), a negative population momentum implies that these countries may experience population decline even if they try to increase their rate of fertility to the replacement rate of 2.1. Fertility rates must level off to the replacement rate (the net reproduction rate should be 1). According to Figure 2.2, most of human history saw very slow growth with doubling times measured in centuries. o License | CC BY SA 4.0 Geographers have modeled the population dynamics of places for decades. Figure 2.13 | Life Expectancy 201511 Stages of the Demographic Transition in the United States - Study.com However, for a population to have an absolute zero amount of natural growth, the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health suggests that three things must occur. 0000032965 00000 n Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The population is stable, with both high birth rates and high death rates. Students will be familiarized with economic processes such as globalization, trade and transportation and their impacts on economic, cultural and social activities. Demography examines the size, structure, and movements of populations over space and time. Few places have prepared themselves for fewer workers in the future (although robotics may address this problem). endstream endobj 21 0 obj <>stream Fertility rates are still high, causing the population to grow as a whole. She or he will best know the preferred format. | History of Demography, The Proximate Determinants Framework of Human Fertility, The Demographic Approach to the Study of Family, UExcel Basic Genetics: Study Guide & Test Prep, AP Environmental Science Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, CSET Foundational-Level General Science (215) Prep, SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Environmental Education (0831) Prep, SAT Subject Test Biology: Practice and Study Guide, NY Regents Exam - Living Environment: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Earth Science: Test Prep & Practice, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, UExcel Microbiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Create an account to start this course today. By Stage Two as the society industrializes food becomes more steadily available, water supplies get cleaner and sanitation and medical care improves. Source | PopulationPyramid.net This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The purpose of the demographic transition model is to describe the four stages of development Western countries have followed as they move toward higher standards of living over time. Comparing China, Niger, and the U.S. shows you that different places have different options and challenges. Population momentum represents a natural increase in population in countries with above-replacement fertility. Source | Original Work The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Demographic momentum is the tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. 0000394469 00000 n Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. They also show the number of dependents (children and, sometimes, elderly people) and general structure of the population at any given moment.There are three main trends in populations that affect the shape of a population pyramid. For example, when China first introduced the one-child policy, population growth continued regardless. 1. On the other hand, there are areas of the U.S., such as the Midwest, that have much smaller cities. AP Human Geography Ch. 2 Vocab: Population - Quizlet 0000011761 00000 n Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. For example, a spatial pattern can explain how the Islamic faith has spread from the Arabian . hTP1n0 They were mainly hunter-gatherers with a diverse use of subsistence farming. <<7D6FA31781B1DE4A83EE862D55917D73>]/Prev 411353>> Demography is useful for governments and private businesses as a means of analyzing and predicting social, cultural, and economic trends related to population.While basic demographic studies, such as censuses, were conducted in the ancient world as far back as 6,000 years ago, demographers as we know them, such as John Graunt from the United Kingdom, came about in the 16th century.