kcse geography Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. The annual cycle of rainfall over Zambia (Fig.2) indicates that the rainfall season lies between November and March (NDJFM) over . The north-south highland barrier is interrupted by a major gap, the Turkana gap, between the Ethiopian and the Kenya Highlands (Figure 1). Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. Six ecoregions are represented of which the first four listed below are woodland savannas, consisting of a grass cover 12 m high, and hardwood deciduous trees and/or hardwood shrubs, which range in ground coverage from 'scattered' to 'abundant'. the rain season ranges from 120 to 150 days.The soils are highly leached and generally acidic, . conserves both inter-specific and intra-specific diversity of crop species . The coolest area overall is the high Nyika plateau, in the northeast on the border with Malawi. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate, but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? Convenctional Rainfall - This type of rain is very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the . This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. The Llanos of Columbia is characterized by mean annual rainfall of 200cm-400cm (near Andes Mountain), mean annual temperature of 22C, and maximum temperature of 32C. Dambos also release groundwater to streams and rivers towards the end of the dry season, keeping them flowing permanently. How have plants adapted to cold environments? Tours, Mozambique j) The highest rainfall is recorded soon after the overhead sun in the months of April and October. Ecoregions of Zambia - Wikipedia Zambia: Floods - Flash Update No. 1 (16 January 2020) - Zambia Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? i) The rainfall is heavy and falls throughout the year, averaging about 2 000 mm. website is used, as well as Advertising and social media cookies (including cookies from trusted geography acsee Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . [17][citation needed] The Government of Zambia, like many other countries, had recognised the need to "integrate gender concerns" into all major policies and plans. Orographic Precipitation - Definition, Examples, Uses, and Orographic What is the location and importance of Mumbai? Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. kcse revision notes Leguminous tree species dominate, which are deciduous, losing leaves in the dry season and producing a flush of new leaves, often reddish, just before the onset of the rains. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. Relief Rainfall. What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? 82.8. and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Climate of Zambia - Wikipedia Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change which might lead to more variability in rainfall amounts and length of the rainy season. To identify risk factors associated with death from cholera, a case-control mortality study was conducted during January 12-March 26, 2018, with 32 . Entertainment Editor. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. This causes the air to expand and rise. partners) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share on social media. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. Convectional rain. These are Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. Safaris, Tanzania excessive high rainfall has acidic soils due to leaching, limiting crop production. Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. Philip is the Zambia expert for SafariBookings and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. Safaris, DR Congo La Nia events impacts Eastern and Southern Africa - Malawi Rain clouds gather over grain silos in the grain-producing region of the Overberg . Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. Hydropower, based on dammed surface water reservoirs, is a key part of Zambias energy mix, but poor rainfall (e.g. What are the different types of weathering? Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. Relief is being provided to . Where are Temperate Deciduous Woodlands Located? PDF Zambia - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com Hydrol., 59: 173--187. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Climate Change and Malaria - A Complex Relationship The main sites are: This biome covers an area of only about 100km on the northern border with Malawi, being an extension of a much larger area in Malawi and Tanzania, and so is frequently not counted as present in Zambia. Around 10% of the country is in this biome and its sole ecoregion. Human and physical factors causing river flooding. [16] Rainfall intensity results in heavy storms thereby causing floods that cause damage to property and crops. What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. How reliable are economic indicators of development? Private tourMid-rangeLodge & Self Catering Accommodation, You Visit: Lusaka (Start), Lower Zambezi NP, South Luangwa NP, Mfuwe (End), 468 What problems are caused by global warming? Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. Why are deserts located along the tropics? What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Precipitation types - Wikipedia Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . Here is the average precipitation. The latter may also survive the dry season through drought-resistant forms. Through Strategic National Program Support, the PPCR is helping to make climate change an intrinsic part of economic development, while adopting a participatory, learning-by-doing response to Zambia's most vulnerable areas. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations COVID-19 Emergency Appeal Zambia (May - October 2020), Zambia Humanitarian Appeal, October 2019 - March 2020, ACAPS Briefing Note: Drought Southern Province (11 July 2019), Zambia: Flood in Southern Province - DREF Application (MDRZM019). But Bangalore is in rain . Water levels have risen dramatically with some parts of the country receiving a seasons worth of rain in just a matter of weeks. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. This area is called the rain shadow. The ecoregion has suffered extensive deforestation, especially in the highly urbanised Copperbelt Province due to charcoal production and clearing for farming, the centre of Central Province (for farming and ranching), and around Kasama and Mansa (charcoal production and chitemene farming). 3 types of rainfall and where each type is likely to occur? [5][citation needed]. Compared to many other Southern African countries, Zambia has relatively abundant land and water. kcse history The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). Zambia, a country located in southern Africa, is almost entirely covered by a plateau, which tempers the climate, making the temperature generally acceptable for most of the year. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. The air will expand and rise and then cool and This type of rainfall is called orographic rainfall or relief rainfall. types of rainfall in zambia - medvetnaval.org 1.1 Zambia and REDD+ readiness 1 1.2 Activities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate . Copy. How does geology affect the formation of river landforms? In Zambia, increasing climate resilience for rural communities through It moves southwards in the second half of the year, and northwards in the first half of the year. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. When classified according to the rate of precipitation, rain can be divided into categories. Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. There are two main seasons: the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May to October/November), corresponding to winter. As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. Hence, the need of the country to always have enough maize in stock. Stage 2. Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. The rest of the year is hot and dry. Frontal Rainfall. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. Zambia Meteorological Department GENERAL SITUATION Generally, much of Zambia is likely to receive Normal to Above Normal rainfall during the 2019/2020 rainfall season. However, parts of Muchinga and Northern provinces as well as Mansa, Ndola, Kabompo, Senanga, Livingstone and surrounding areas are likely to receive normal to below normal rainfall. The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). At that time many camps in Kafue, Lower Zambezi and the more remote parks shut down. biology western areas. The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Grasslands both flooded and non-flooded also occur there . Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. Frontal rainfall. . What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? December, January, February & March - The wettest months, with heavy downpours in the afternoon. The term low relief in geography describes landforms that are How is a cold environment interdependent? The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. The Rift Valley System (Fig 2.3 page 28) 3 Types of Rainfall - Free Geography Notes Zambia weather in November 2023 | Zambia 14 day weather The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. Hibernation through the dry season is practiced by some amphibians and invertebrates. In the north, rainfall is 1 250mm / 50in or more a year . Most parts of Zambia will experience normal to above normal rainfall The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. The role of termites in building mounds which remain above most of the flood is important as this provides habitats for plants less tolerant of getting waterlogged, as well as safe breeding sites for birds and some animals. Nigeria - Climatology | Climate Change Knowledge Portal There are reports that more than 2 million people may be affected by the damage to agriculture. It can occur almost Where are polar and tundra environments located? How have animals adapted to cold environments? eLimu | Physical Environment Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Zambia is right in the tropics and gets lots of rain in the Wet season (November to April). Make decisions like a pro by using our 79,846 reviews and 216 destination guides. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall 2021, which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall, How To Install Kali Linux On Android Using Termux. What is the location and importance of Rio de Janeiro? What are the impacts of industry on the physical environment? Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. More About Us. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. February 12, 2018. He holds an Honours in Accountancy degree from the University of Zimbabwe. What are the effects of deforestation in the Amazon? Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. PDF Climate Change Risk Profile Zambia civics past papers This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . history of africa The result has This saturated cloud with water vapor begins to The views are spectacular from both the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of the falls, and it is now a great time to book a helicopter flight over the falls. pp (EUR), Zambia: View Photos (24) In winter, The temperature here averages 21.0 C | 69.8 F. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. Population Zambia's population is about 10.9 million (2004), of which 64 percent is rural (Table 1). The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. Rainfall 800-1000 mm, and the growing season is 100-140 days long. kcse geography revision notes PDF CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PROFILE ZAMBIA - United States Agency for They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. Here are the three main types of rainfall: Relief Rainfall. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. Prevailing winds are not usually very strong and a lack of a great deal of dry fuel on the ground (since most areas are burnt annually it does not build up) means that the fires are not as devastating as in countries such as Australia and the south-western USA. agricultural business All Rights Reserved. Weathering and mass movement in river valleys. . Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. Development, population change and the demographic transition model, Strategies for reducing the development gap, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? PDF Zambia Climate Action Report 2016 - Irish Aid How has the growth of Lagos caused inequality? A delegation led by the DMMU, with the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Local Government and Ministry of Infrastructure is planning to assess the extent of damage in the affected areas. Safaris. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. What are the air masses that affect the UK? Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Moderate rain describes . Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. the average yearly rainfall for Scotland is Relief(or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains On the later part of the 20th century, runoff in the country decreased by 20 to 30% (MMET, 1998). The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. (4) J2002 Relief. The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200 . Evaporation and rainfall has been calculated for each month using data for the past 25 years (1990 to 2014) from Scientific Information for Land Owners SILO weather data service. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. Types of Rainfall: Convectional, Frontal, Orographic Rainfall None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Residential flooding in Zambia from Remote Sensing and Geospatial